Surface air temperature anomaly for April 2023 compared to the April average for the period 1991-2020. Data source: ERA5. Author: Copernicus Climate Change Service / ECMWF.
Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)which is implemented by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts on behalf of the European Commission, routinely publishes monthly climate bulletins reporting on changes observed in the global system. surface air temperatureAnd sea ice And hydrological variables. All reported results are based on computer-generated analyzes using billions of measurements from satellites, ships, aircraft and weather stations around the world.
Temperatures in April 2023:
- The month globally was the fourth warmest on record in April
- The temperatures were above average for southwestern Europe. In Spain and Portugal, the highest temperatures are recorded in April
- It was cooler than average in a band from the UK to southeastern Europe
- It was warmer than average in parts of Africa, in Central Asia around the Caspian Sea, in Southeast Asia and Japan, and in northern North America.
- It was colder than normal in Alaska, Mongolia, Arabia, India and Australia
Global and European monthly averages of surface air temperature anomalies relative to 1991-2020, from January 1979 to April 2023. Dark colored bars indicate APR values. Data source: ERA5. Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service / ECMWF.
According to Samantha Burgess, deputy director of C3S, “April saw Spain and Portugal experience exceptionally warm temperatures coupled with severe drought. In addition to the heat wave in southern Europe, above-average temperatures were observed in the eastern equatorial Pacific, an early sign of a possible transition to extreme conditions. El Niños often lead to warmer global temperatures.
Mean surface air temperature (left) and soil moisture (right) (Volumetric content at the top of 7 cm) April 2023 percentile standings. Color classes mean percentages of the respective distribution computed from the 1991-2020 reference period. categoriesExtreme (“colder”, “warmer”, “cooler”, “wet”) refers to the period 1950-2023 (see full explanation).[1] Data source: ERA5 Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service / ECMWF.
The most prominent hydrological events in April 2023:
- April 2023 was wetter than normal over a large area from west to east from Ireland, Great Britain and France, across central Europe to the Italian peninsula, the Balkans and the Black Sea.
- There were exceptionally dry conditions in the Iberian Peninsula, south of the Alps, and in areas of the French Mediterranean coast. It will be drier than normal in northwestern Scandinavia, the Baltic states and most of western Russia.
- Outside Europe, April 2023 was drier than normal in large parts of the United States, in a large area from western Russia east to the Caspian Sea, and in extratropical Southeast Asia. The Horn of Africa, most of South Africa, Argentina and parts of Brazil were drier than normal.
- The areas with wetter-than-usual rain in April were the southeastern United States, areas of eastern Asia, northwestern Australia, and Tanzania.
Precipitation anomalies, surface air relative humidity, soil volumetric moisture content of 7 cm, and surface air temperature for April 2023 With respect On average in April for this period 1991-2020. Dark gray shading indicates places where soil moisture is not shown due to ice cover or climatically low precipitation. Data source: ERA5 source: Copernicus Climate Change Service / ECMWF
State of sea ice in April 2023:
- The extent of Antarctic sea ice remained well below average, with just under 19 percent being the third lowest measured for the month of April via satellite.
- Sea ice concentrations were well below normal in all sectors of the Southern Ocean except for the Amundsen Sea and the adjacent portion of the Ross Sea.
- The extent of Arctic sea ice was 3 percent below average, ranking as the 10th lowest measured in April.
- Below-average sea ice concentrations prevailed in most segments of the Arctic Ocean, with the exception of the Greenland Sea where it was well above average, as in the previous month.
Time series of the monthly mean anomaly in Antarctic sea ice extent for all April months from 1979 to 2023. percentage of Average April for the period 1991-2020. Because the satellites were lost in April 1986, there is no monthly value available for that month. Data source: EUMETSAT OSI SAF Sea Ice Index v2.1. Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service / ECMWF / EUMETSAT.
Video materials accompanying the maps are available here.
More information about February’s climate fluctuations, climate updates from previous months, high-resolution graphics, and video can be downloaded here.
Answers to frequently asked questions about temperature monitoring Existing here.
Information about the C3S dataset and how to compile it
Temperature and hydrology maps and data are from the ERA5 data of the ECMWF’s Copernicus Climate Change Service.
Sea ice maps and data are drawn from a combination of information from ERA5, as well as from EUMETSAT OSI SAF Sea Ice Index v2.1, Sea Ice Concentration CDR/ICDR v2 and fast-track data provided on request by OSI SAF.
The listed regional averages have the following latitude/longitude limits:
First Earth, 180W-180E, 90S-90N. In total.
Europe, 25W-40E, 34N-72N, Overland only.
More information is available here.
Information on national data and impact
Information on national data and impact is based on national and regional reports. For more details see each month’s temperature and hydrological C3S Climate Bulletin.
C3S followed the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) recommendation to use the most recent 30-year period for calculating climate averages and changed to the 1991-2020 reference period for its C3S climate bulletins covering January 2021 onwards. Figures and graphics for both the new and previous period (1981-2010) have been provided for the sake of transparency.
More information about the reference period used is available here.
About Copernicus and the ECMWF
Copernicus is part of the European Union’s space program, funded by the European Union, which is the flagship program for Earth observation. The company operates through six thematic services: Atmosphere, Marine, Land, Climate Change, Security and Emergencies. It offers freely available operational data and services that provide users with reliable and up-to-date information about our planet and its environment. The program is coordinated and managed by the European Commission and implemented in partnership with Member States, the European Space Agency (ESA), the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), the European Center for Medium Distance Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), EU agencies, Mercator Océan and others.
The ECMWF operates two services of the European Union’s Copernicus Earth Observing Programme: the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) and the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). They also contribute to the Copernicus Emergency Management Service (CEMS), which is implemented by the European Union Joint Research Council (JRC). The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) is an independent intergovernmental organization supported by 35 countries. It is a 24/7 operational and research institute that produces and disseminates digital weather forecasts to its member states. This data is fully available to the National Meteorological Services of the Member States. The supercomputer facility (and associated data archive) at the ECMWF is one of the largest of its kind in Europe and member states can use 25 percent of its capacity for their own purposes.
ECMWF has expanded the number of locations in which it operates. In addition to the UK headquarters and computing center in Italy, new offices focusing on activities carried out in partnership with the European Union, such as Copernicus, will be located in Bonn, Germany.
Copernicus Atmosphere Observing Service Networkhttp://atmosphere.copernicus.eu/
Copernicus Climate Change Networkhttps://climate.copernicus.eu/
More information about Copernicus:www.copernicus.eu
ECMWF website:https://www.ecmwf.int/
#EUSpace
[1] In the surface temperature percentile map scale used here, “warm” means warmer in the entire data set for the period 1950-2023, and “warmer than average” means warmer than the 90th percentile of the monthly or seasonal temperature distribution over the 1991 reference period — 2020. “Above average” means warmer than 66.6 percent. Close average: between 33.3 and 66.6 percent. Below average: Cooler than 33.3 percentile. “Much colder than average” means colder than the 10th percentile, and “colder” means colder in the entire measurement series 1950-2023.
In the soil moisture percentage map scale used here, “wettest” means warmer in the entire 1950-2023 data set, and “wetter than average” means wetter than the 90th percentile of the monthly or seasonal distribution of precipitation over the 1991-91 reference period. 2020. “Above average” means more than 66.6 percent wetter. Close average: between 33.3 and 66.6 percent. Below average: drier than the 33.3 percentile. Drier than average means drier than the 10th percentile, and drier means drier in the entire measurement series for the period 1950-2023.
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