Long-term exposure to the cognitive spectrum air pollution risk factor in older adults

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With increasing urbanization, people are inevitably exposed to high levels of various environmental pollutants, especially air and noise pollution. However, the extent to which long-term exposure to environmental pollutants affects mental health among older adults remains unclear. My thesis addresses long-term exposure to air pollution in relation to cognitive function and depression in older adults, as well as the effects of transportation noise on cognitive impairment.

What are the main findings?

Our results suggest that long-term exposure to air pollution may be harmful and a risk factor for the entire cognitive spectrum, including accelerated cognitive decline and progression from impaired cognitive function to dementia in the elderly. Older adults with cerebrovascular disease appear to be most at risk, even with low exposure to air pollution. It also appears that long-term exposure may increase the risk of depression later in life. However, active social participation appears to counteract the detrimental effect of air pollution on the incidence of depression. It has also been found that transportation noise from airplanes and railways can increase the risk of cognitive outcomes. However, our data did not support an association between traffic noise and cognition. However, we have seen that the more one is exposed to sources of transport noise, the higher the risk of developing cognitive impairment.

How can this new knowledge contribute to improving human health?

With a better understanding of how modifiable environmental risk factors affect mental health, we can help public health authorities reduce the burden of disease by establishing policies and regulations to control levels of environmental pollutants in residential settings, especially for the elderly. A favorable lifestyle and reduced cardiovascular burdens can also help counteract the negative impact of environmental pollution on mental health among the elderly.

What does the future look like to you? Will you continue to search?

I am passionate about medical research. My commitment is primarily about improving people’s health and well-being, and I want to do this by continuing to immerse myself in and contribute to the field of neuroepidemiology research.